Comparing and contrasting confucianism with christianity. Confucianism by confucianism is meant the complex system of moral, social, political, and religious teaching built up by confucius on the ancient chinese traditions, and perpetuated as the state religion down to the present day. Start studying world history chapter 4 culture and religion. I thought that jennifer oldstonemoores confucianism was a useful, beginning guide to understanding the origins and background of the religious tradition of confucianism. Origins, beliefs, practices, holy texts, sacred places paperback january 1, 2003 by jennifer oldstonemoore author 5.
A way of life and philosophy well ahead of its time when it was founded over 500 years ago, the sikh religion today has a following of over 20 million people worldwide. Rationalism, in western philosophy, the view that regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge. This book should be required reading not only for philosophers of culture but also for social scientists, theologians, historians, journalists, and political leaders. The perfect man must combine the qualities of saint, scholar. Neo confucianism came into existence in the 11th century ad as an attempt to reassert confucian heritage that was losing ground to buddhism and taoism.
Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or simply a way of life, confucianism developed from what was later called the hundred schools of thought from the teachings of the chinese philosopher confucius 551479 bce. Confucianism is depending on ones perspective either a religion, philosophical movement, cultural way of life, or governmental system. What is the difference between daoism and confucianism. A hindu holy book which is a collection of aryan hymns that were. Comparative essays in early greek and chinese rational thinking. In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge or any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification. Although confucianism isnt strictly a religion, it does have a number of prominent texts, considered by many followers, to be sacred. They were selected by zhu xi in the song dynasty to serve as general introduction to confucian thought, and they were, in the ming and qing dynasties, made the core of the official curriculum for the civil service. Confucian books are boring if youre interested in holy stories, spiritual miracles, and afterlife thrills. Greek rationalism was later refined by philosophers in arabcontrolled lands while europe was in the middle ages. Confucianism aims at making not simply the man of virtue, but the man of learning and of good manners. Comparing and contrasting confucianism with christianity jesus and confucius. The three philosophies out there were confucianism. Confucius, a title meaning master, wrote in the fifth century b.
The shih shu four books, compilations of the sayings of confucius and mencius. Plato and aristotle aristotle also believes that everything has a definite purpose or function. Korea, japan, and vietnam 155 summary 158 11 neo confucianism 159 the northern and southern song dynasties 159 neo confucianism 160 issues in neo confucianism 161 early neoconfucian thinkers 161 zhu xi 11200 and li xue, the school of principle 165 the school of mindheart 171 wang yangming 172 summary 174. As europe emerged and entered the renaissance period, the annotated arabic translations of ancient greek works became popular topics of study, and the greek and arabic texts formed the basis for modern rationalism. The five classics consists of the book of odes, book of documents, book of changes, book of rites, and the spring and autumn annals. More formally, rationalism is defined as a methodology or a theory in which the criterion of the truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive in an old controversy, rationalism was opposed.
His status evolved greatly over the succeeding 1500 years, as cultural and political changes swept china, but the canon established then has endured. Neoconfucianism is a moral, ethical, and metaphysical chinese philosophy influenced by. Greek rationalists did not worry much about deities. Chapter 4 culture and religion study guide by rachmac04 includes 161 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. There are, according to the rationalists, certain rational principlesespecially in logic and mathematics, and even in ethics and. We human beings cannot save ourselves, because all of our attempts to do so are caught up in the sinfulness from which we need to be saved. A belief system which originated in china that is the system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents and harmony in thought and conduct. Neoconfucian philosophy internet encyclopedia of philosophy.
Greek philosophy lasted about five hundred years, from greek prehistory to the conquest of greece by the roman empire. Classic of poetry or book of songs is the earliest anthology of chinese poems and songs. Greek rationalism and roman philosophy with greek philosophy, i see a strong tradition at cosmology, metaphysics, sciences, etc. World history chapter 4 culture and religion flashcards. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Rationalism is a logical viewpoint that regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge. Sikhism preaches a message of devotion and remembrance of god at all times, truthful living, equality of mankind, social justice and denounces superstitions and blind rituals. Mencius also spelled mengzi or mengtzu, a book of his conversations with kings of the time, is one of the four books which form the core of orthodox confucian thinking. If the government is corrupt or broken, the people will be corrupt and broken as well. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or simply. The philosophy can be characterized as humanistic and rationalistic, with the belief that the universe could be understood through human reason, and that it was up to humanity to create a harmonious relationship between the universe and the individual. Greek philosophy rationalism confucianism and greek philosophy greek rationalism emerged between 600 and 300 b.
Empiricism is the philosophical stance according to which the senses are the ultimate source of human knowledge. The problem the problem in individuals is based on the defects in society. E greek rationalism was a way in which greeks made sense of the world through questioning. Mencius interpretation of confucianism has generally been considered the orthodox version by subsequent chinese philosophers, especially the neoconfucians of the song dynasty. Li also means religious rites which establish relations between humanity and the gods. These books are the book of history, the book of poetry, the book of changes, the book of rites, and the spring and autumn annals. Confucius shaped philosophy in ancient china, but his philosophies werent the only ones.
The neo confucianism of the song dynasty 9601279 ad han yus earlier teachings were influential in the emergence of a philosophy called neo confucianism. Arts and humanities world history 600 bce 600 ce secondwave civilizations ancient and imperial china. Neo confucianism is a social and ethical philosophy using metaphysical ideas, some borrowed from taoism, as its framework. Dont todays christians realize if they arent born again of the spirit w holy spirit baptism theyll never enter the kingdom of heaven. Confucianism is often characterized as a system of social and ethical.
Jesus christ is the savior of humankind according to christian belief. The texts that confucius taught were already ancient in confucius time. A comparison between the christian and confucian major. Neo confucianism songming lixue, often shortened to lixue is a moral, ethical, and metaphysical chinese philosophy influenced by confucianism, and originated with han yu and li ao 772841 in the tang dynasty, and became prominent during the song and ming dynasties neo confucianism could have been an attempt to create a more rationalist and secular form of. The imperial examination system set the standard by which almost all song court official were. Confucius is traditionally credited with having authored or edited many of the chinese classic texts including all of the five classics.
I would say, however, that i wish that it were a bit longer and more detailedit is definitely for the complete beginner more than one wanting a handbook of sorts. This tended to elevate rationalism and was centered round the idea of the mandate of heaven. This involved a program embracing moral, political, and religious components. Philosophy and religious belief in the far east is very different from that in europe. Greek rationalism rationalism is a logical viewpoint that regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge. A key point of the doctrine of the mean is the importance of a unified purpose between principle and mind, whereby one might achieve, within oneself, a manifestation of heaven. Widely viewed as a more rational and spiritual interpretation of confucianism, it influenced philosophical systems in china, japan, korea and vietnam. The master said, to rule a country of a thousand chariots, there must be love for men. This new and innovative form of thinking allowed scholars to look into human behaviors, from logical systems of ethics in daily life, and distinguish knowledge from opinion. Comparative essays in early greek and chinese rational. Zhu placed this text last among the four books because, having studied the other three, the student could here study the intricacies of confucian philosophy. I think a lot of it had to do with the open forums of the agora, the political nature of athens itself.
What are similarities and differences between greek philosophy and its hellenic world view with chinese confucianism or the aryan religion. Looking for rationalism explanations for nationalphysical phenomenon and rulesexplanations regarding human naturesociety. In western philosophy, empiricism boasts a long and distinguished list of followers. Robert cummings neville, author of normative cultures and boston confucianism. Humanities religion study guide by faith022 includes 41 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. The philosophy can be characterized as humanistic and rationalistic, with the belief that the universe. The philosophy of ancient greece is essentially the foundation of almost all philosophy that exists and has had a near total influence on the development of western and modern civilization.
Three competing belief systems confucianism, daoism, and legalism came to. Confucianism, one of the main themes in confucian teachings is called ren, which is frequently translated as love, goodness, or humanheartedness. There are thousands of classic textbooks of confucianism, none of them being holy. Okay, so maybe thats not exactly how confucious put it, but its close enough. See all 7 formats and editions hide other formats and editions.
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